in high elevation forests in pennsylvania weegy. In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. in high elevation forests in pennsylvania weegy

 
 In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree speciesin high elevation forests in pennsylvania weegy  In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species

With elevations ranging from 7,860 feet to 14,259 feet, Rocky Mountain National Park is one of the highest national parks in the United States. Decreased in pH caused by climate change C. highland C. To characterize the annual cycle of. 208,000 acres (84,200 hectares) and is a prime example of a high-elevation forest fire. Their native habitat is in high altitude (3,000 to 5,000 feet), moist rain forests where they are epiphytic, meaning they grow either on moss-covered tree branches or in rock crevices filled with decayed leaves and other vegetation, rather than in the ground. Stuttgart. A habitat that has lots of light and water, a high elevation, low temperatures, and a low level of oxygen is most likely a high mountain. s. l. The gorge extends 47 miles with a 12-mile section designated as a National Natural Landmark. Location: North Central Pennsylvania in Tiadaghton State Forest near the settlement of Slate Run. 1990). Treelines around the world vary in elevation but are all characterized by having a similar mean July temperature of about 13 deg C (55. Negative effects from climate change will likely reduce the habitat of high. In recent decades, increasing temperatures and prolonged drought have been linked to. lower than the actual altitude above sea level. Book County High Points by Andy Martin; list compiled 1993 by Andy Martin, reviewed by Michael Schwartz. 1). l. Martha Kent brought the cactus to Bozeman, most likely from Pennsylvania by wagon. INTRODUCTION. 100 S Main St 300 S Main St 232 Smith St 649 S Broad St 410 Thompson St Jersey Shore Porter Township 347 Oliver St 230 High St 321. 1 INTRODUCTION. In colder than standard air temperature. tropical forest D. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. highland C. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. tarapacana comprising an elevation range from 4337 to 4905 m a. rugulosa at 3777 m a. However, while the significant increases in overall density experienced in these forests over the last few decades (Dolanc et al. In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Situated at 7,000. Print/PDF map. A. User: which states passed laws outlawing slavery after the war Weegy: Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island passed laws outlawing slavery after the war. Background Previous studies have shown that plants often have species-specific effects on soil properties. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. What's this phenomenon? Advertisement Expert-Verified Answer question 1 person found it helpful pstnonsonjoku Weegy: In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Because these areas are determined by natural terrain, ecology, and conservation priorities, many ecoregions do not adhere to state boundaries, and the High Allegheny Plateau. 7 km 2) and birch (340. The fire. , eds. Get an answer. A high-elevation balsam fir forest community typically occurs between about 3,500 to 4,500 feet, and locally higher or lower depending on site conditions such as topography and degree of exposure. New research shows that if current rates of decline continue in high elevation forests several native Hawaiian forest birds endemic to the island of Kaua‘i. In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. government officially recognized the name of the mountain as “Mount McKinley” (named. E) North America. Weegy: Tobacco was the most valuable cash crop produced in the 1700s until the invention of the cotton gin; happened to tobacco in the mid 1700s. The Cameron Peak Fire in Colorado in 2020 was the state’s largest fire in its history, burning over 208,000 acres (84,200 hectares) and is a prime example of a high-elevation forest fire. In the coastal fog belt, Douglas-fir is rare and Sitka spruce becomes abundant. 4 million acres. l to 1700 m a. g. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. (b) Polar regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area. Following 2020's extreme fire season, high-elevation forests in the central Rocky Mountains now are burning more than at any point in the past 2,000 years, according to a new study. 50 °C ± 0. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. 2010. D- Erosion occurs through deflation, and sand that. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. The study area comprises Kailash Kund (lake) - Chattargalla ridge (32 o 45′14″ to 32 o 53′55″N and 75 o 37′50″ to 75 o 50′10″ E, elevation 2800 m to 4000 m) in Upper Bhaderwah Valley of district Doda in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (Fig. grassland B. Comparatively, the forest growth at low elevation sites has increased faster than that at high elevation sites. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. , 2018; Silva, 2017). — could be at risk this year and in future wildfire seasons. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. Rhode Island. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Black Forest Trail Quick Facts. Check out this 0. Here, a four-year litterbag decomposition experiment along an elevation gradient (3000, 3300, 3600 m) was conducted in an Abies faxoniana Rehd. Search for more papers by this author. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. S. , Alexander 1974; Dye & Moir 1977; Layser & Schubert 1979; Moir & Ludwig 1979). Field inventory. The impact of climatic change on forest ecosystems has received considerable attention, but our understanding of the modulation of this impact by elevational differences and by species interaction is still limited. Mount Davis is in Somerset County, in the southwestern part of the state. climate regions D. It lies within the boundaries of Forbes State Forest; an observation tower. Schmidt-Vogt D (1990a) High altitude forests in the Jugal Himal (Eastern Central Nepal). In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Decreases in pH caused by. This resulted in 40 106 out of the 159 sites being selected. Above: Mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust have heavily impacted this whitebark pine forest in the Mt. Mercury contamination B. Whats the phenomenon? A. Pennsylvania's state parks and state forests, managed by the Pennsylvania. , 2010). The forests of the Pacific Northwest are just one of the many different ______________ in the United States where many people work in the same industry. tropical forest D. Because they are located above 15,000 feet, areas in the Tierra Nevada elevation zone have _____ ecosystems. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. Rating. ocean circulation patterns. Some scientists propose that increased soil. Study site and elevation gradient. Altitude is a primary factor, which gives a possibility of finding common features in the diversity of highlands. Search for an answer or ask Weegy. The phenomenon is: Acid rain, which is caused by SO2 from combustion mixed with atmospheric water vapor. Weegy. In high-elevation. state of Alaska. New answers. 10/21/2020 Biology College answer answered in high elevation forests n Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Quaternary International 236, 158 e 166 . 4 (676) Ringing Rocks County Park. Mercury. Whereas it does not occur in the dry forests of the. Our knowledge about the structure and function of Andean forests at regional scales remains limited. The study, published last month in Ecosphere, is one of the first to document the effects of bark beetle kill on high elevation forests’ recovery from wildfire. Jozeal. Montane forests Waimea Canyon, Hawaii, is known for its montane vegetation. Turkey Path Trail, Leonard Harrison State Park. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. Hyperion was discovered. The 59,000-acre forest district, much of which is along the ridges of the Laurel Highlands, includes the highest point in Pennsylvania: 3,213-foot Mt. 0 acre (0. chaparralfir-hemlock, these high-elevation forests contain substantial amounts of Douglas-fir, both as stands and as scattered trees or groups intermingled with other species. The elevation at which one habitat changes to another varies across the globe, particularly by latitude. Trail Type: Loop. Acid rain, which is caused by SO2 from combustion mixed with. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. elevation regions B. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. s. Southwestern US mountain ecosystems contain a variety of vegetation communities organized along an. New research shows high-elevation forests in the Rocky Mountains are burning more now than any time in the past 2,000 years amid extreme, climate change-induced drought. chaparral Weegy: Because they are located above 15,000 feet, areas in the Tierra Nevada elevation zone have chaparral ecosystems. B- Erosion occurs as surface water carries sediment and the sediment is deposited near oceans and lakes. chaparralPennsylvania boreal conifer forests and their bird communities: past, present, and potential. Weegy: An ecologist is a scientist who studies how animals and plants interact with their environment. Insects burrow and munch; trees deploy lethal and disruptive defenses in the. The HCFC spans 9 counties in the Colorado high country covering more than 9. Forests consisting of two of the most widespread HEFNPs, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis),. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Unlike Sibree’s dwarf lemurs, C. Tech. Score 1A. Following 2020's extreme fire season, high-elevation forests in the central Rocky Mountains now are burning more than at any point in the past 2,000 years, according to a new. 1). Some of the most common types are political, physical, topographic, climate, economic, and thematic maps. located at its lower elevation margin (18°24′S and 69°30′W) and the other of P. political regions C. It is bounded to the north by Lake Erie and New York; to the east by New York and New Jersey; to the south by. In recent decades, due to constant anthropogenic pressure and considerable changes witnessed in the climate of the region, species of this region are threatened. To date high elevation forests in the Sierra Nevada have not suffered the catastrophic. s. The Cumberland Mountains are a mountain range in the southeastern section of the Appalachian Mountains. 2004). , acting as a fresh water reservoir to the major river basins such as the Ganges, Indus, Yangtze, Mekong, Amu Darya, and Hilmand. S. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. 4 (673) Ringing Rocks County Park. Here, we assessed soil properties beneath adjacent stands of trembling aspen, lodgepole pine, and Engelmann spruce, which are dominant tree. As such, more than 31,000 square miles of high-elevation forests — or roughly 11 percent of forest cover in the western U. Methods Archive maps, satellite and on-ground data. High-elevation forests in Colorado and southern Wyoming are experiencing bigger wildfires than at any point in the last 2,000 years, according to a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. User: how. Horwath3, A. History and Extent of Pennsylvania Boreal Forests Pre-settlement Pennsylvania was approximately 90- to 95-percent forested (DeCoster 1995). Glaciers scoured the landscape, grinding the high places and mixing the soil with rocks. C. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious. Polylepis (Rosaceae: Sanguisorbeae) forests are distributed across the Central Andes between elevations of 3500 to 5200 m a. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. Montane forests Waimea Canyon, Hawaii, is known for its montane vegetation. highland C. In high-elevation. The genus presumably evolved during the Plio-Pleistocene uplift of the. Silva2, W. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. Here, the term "Appalachian" refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range, and its surrounding terrain. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Tree growth in this region was significantly and positively correlated with July–October minimum temperatures during 1950–2010 ( R 2 =. In high elevation forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains, North America, areas that are dominated by a single tree species are often adjacent to areas dominated by another tree species. Rose Wilderness Area outside of Reno, Nevada, USA. Over the twenty-first century, the combined effects of increased fire activity and climate change are expected to alter forest composition and structure in many ecosystems by changing postfire successional trajectories and recovery. The new protected area is home also to the charismatic. Rating. In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Clicker. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. Not every high‐latitude or high‐elevation forest edge is a treeline. . Ask a question. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. 1). Shaded relief, or terrain shading, is a technique used to give contour maps a 3D. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. High-elevation forest stands across the mountain range are reminiscent of the high-latitude boreal-deciduous ecotone (Whittaker, 1956), and include a northern hardwood species assemblage with isolated spruce-fir forest zones. Chase some more exceptional mountaintop views and climb through rhododendron blooms by the millions on the Craggy Gardens Trail. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in radial growth and tree. Forest: Forest County High Point: 1954: Northern Allegheny Plateau: 134: 14: 42. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. l. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. — could be at risk this year and in future wildfire seasons. May was the warmest month (9. S. Search for an answer or ask Weegy. grassland B. All three forest communities were more efficient in nutrient-use than several broad leaf forest communities at 300 to 2200 m altitude in the central Himalaya (42-79 g. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following characterizes both the savanna and chaparral biomes? a. s. The. Some scientists propose that increased acidity might be the cause this phenomenon? weegyanswered • expert verified. The sites exhibiting the. Monson1,8 Abstract Amid a worldwide increase in tree mortality, mountain pine beetles. (Kessler and Schmidt-Lebuhn, 2006). The phenomenon is: Acid rain, which is caused by SO2 from combustion mixed with atmospheric water vapor. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. The phenomenon is: Acid rain, which is caused by SO2 from combustion mixed with atmospheric water vapor. Weegy. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. A- Waves cause erosion along coastlines and deposit sand away from the shore. Expert answered|sujaysen|Points 23988|. High elevation and the rain-shadow effect from theThe record-setting 2020 fire season, with three of Colorado’s largest fires, helped push the rate of burning in high-elevation forests in Colorado and Wyoming into uncharted territory relative. tropical forest D. The limit set by low temperature at high elevation or high polar latitudes is termed ‘treeline’ (alpine or arctic treeline). leucopodia is a cosmopolitan species that can be found on different substrates at lower elevations (Tran et al. s. Table 1 summarizes biophysical attributes of the three studied valleys. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. C. The highest amounts of nutrients in both live and dead fine roots were observed in September and the lowest in the month of June and turnover rates of the nutrients in the fine roots also decreased with an increase in elevation. 2009 May 14-15; Slatyfork, WV. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. com is an AI-enabled chat service that observes all of the online support interactions between your call center representatives and customers. Montane forests occur between the submontane zone and the subalpine zone. In a multiyear project, highlighted in two new publications, we tracked how often forest fires occurred in high-elevation forests in the Rocky Mountains over the past 2,500 years, how those fires varied with the climate and how they affected ecosystems. This two-mile round trip explores the grassy, sun-drenched summit southeast of the pinnacle, climbing through a mossy, gnarled forest to a high-elevation grassland. At high altitude the air composition is characterized by low contents of fine particles (dust, etc. Despite the importance of forests in PA, many forests have become degraded due to past timber harvesting practices that have mainly removed the largest and most valuable trees from. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Ozone depletion . 7 miles, round trip. , 2019). grew in the highlands but was traded all over the Andes. The park is named for Blue Knob, the second highest mountain in Pennsylvania at 3,146 feet (959 m). 1400 meters), high elevation forests are characterized by subalpine fir, mountain hemlock, and Alaskan yellow cedar. Within the elevation range of 2800–2900 m a. View. In high-elevation forests in. By subtracting the elevation difference between two points you can estimate the relief or elevation change. A large number of families and genera of trees and shrubs are represented in these forests (Table 1. D. Elevation, or geometric height, is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height is used for points above the surface, such as an aircraft in flight or a spacecraft in orbit, and depth is used for points below the surface. High-elevation forests including treeline ecotones are particularly valuable as wildlife habitats and because of their protective function such as avalanche and erosion control (e. Due to the climate that comes with their elevation, the highest areas of Southern Appalachia are home to plant. , 2007; Steinbauer et al. In: Rentch, James S. Decreases in caused by climate change D. tropical forest D. A. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. A. 3. Ecosphere. Glaciation and European settlement have created a more patchy forest in the state with fewer old forests. To characterize. Little information exists specific to the response to disturbance, including timber harvesting, in. [ The phenomenon is: Acid rain, which is caused by SO2 from combustion mixed with atmospheric water vapor. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. Print/PDF map. MISSOULA – Following 2020’s extreme fire season, high-elevation forests in the central Rocky Mountains now are burning more than at any point in the past 2,000 years, according to a new University of Montana study recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Ozone depletion . Within its extensive range, two varieties of the species currently are. s. [ ] User: _____ definitions are made up of the set of associations implied by a word in addition to its literal meaning. Easy • 4. S TARR,1 DANIEL B. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. Proceedings from the conference on the ecology and management of high-elevation forests in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. Scenery: The trail primarily travels through hardwood forests and the occasional coniferous forest with numerous creeks. Climate, limiting factors and environmental change in high‐altitude forests of Western North Americxa. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. 5 million sq. Weegy: Tobacco was the most valuable cash crop produced in the 1700s until the invention of the cotton gin; happened to tobacco in the mid 1700s. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. A. Progress in understanding changes in soil biology in response to latitude, elevation and disturbance gradients has generally lagged behind studies of above-ground plants and animals owing to methodological constraints and high diversity and complexity of interactions in below-ground food webs. In: Beniston M, Innes LJ, eds. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. The San Francisco Peaks/Dook’o’oosłííd in northern Arizona rise to 3851 m elevation with slopes that span many of the major forest types of the southwestern US mountains. Question. This image was generated by NOAA from digital data bases of land and. 1. 7% and 61. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. 7. Forest fires of the western United States have advanced upslope over the past few decades, scorching territories previously too wet to burn. Logging and subsequent fires during the early part of this century changed large areas of high elevation forests in the Great Balsam and Black Mountains. Acid rain is caused by the combination of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from combustion and. The tallest redwood in the world is called Hyperion, standing at an incredible 380 feet. High-elevation forests are important for. Balsam fir dominates, although heartleaf birch and red spruce may be present. Decreases in pH caused by. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. Crawford: Czeck Benchmark:. A. Ask a question. , the mid-altitude forest (MF), ranging from 1700 m a. A tiger has been caught on camera at an elevation of 3,165 metres in Ilam district of eastern Nepal in the first ever sighting of the big cat at such a high altitude. 10 °C for. Grand Canyon National Park . Introduction The concept of fire severity, the effects of a fire on biota, is distressingly qualitative (Johnson and Miya-We quantified total Hg deposition over a two year period at 24 forest sites at Whiteface Mountain, NY, USA that ranged from 450-1450 m above sea level and covered three distinct forest types. [ This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. the actual altitude above sea level. large herds of herbivorous mammals e. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. s. Correa‐Díaz 1, L. Soils are wetter than in the other two high-elevation forest communities and the vegetation of the community resembles that of lowland spruce - fir forest. The general definition used is one followed by the US Geological Survey and the Geologic. Why are business owners most likely viewing a topography map before construction?, Winston studies a topography map that shows camping and hiking areas. In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Some scientists propose that increased soil acidity might be the cause. 3 km 2) followed by kharsu oak (1461. (Fig. Introduction. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Forest: Forest County High Point: 1954: Northern Allegheny Plateau: 134: 14: 42. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Weegy: When a poet wishes to use figurative language, he or she will use words that are both connotative and denotative. grassland B. proximity to large water bodies, mountains, or other surface features. This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. Select the Northeast states. NRS-P-64. In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Ozone depletion . In high elevation forest in Pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. One hypothesis for the lack of coherent responses in growth and resource use efficiency in high-altitude ecosystems is that regional CO 2 and warming effects are secondary to local hydrologic, biogeochemical, and ecological factors (17, 20–23). What's this phenomenon? O A. 7. 36 °C by 100 m) and aspect, while the aspect was relevant for RH. Decreases in pH caused by climate change O C. Jozeal. and more. economic regions The forests of the Pacific Northwest are just one of the many different economic regions in the United States where many people work in the same industry. In: Goldammer JG, Jenkins MJ (eds) Fire in Ecosystem Dynamics, The Hague, pp 191–199It is now evident that many high elevation five-needle pine (HEFNP) forests in western North America are declining because of complex interactions across multiple disturbance factors (Keane et al. elevation. The valleys are dominated by upper temperate and subalpine forests mainly composed of conifers like Larix species, Abies spectabilis, and some broadleaf. User: in high elevation forests in pennsylvania ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species some scientists (More)In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. We predicted mountain lions select hiding cover in the form of high canopy forests, forested drainage bottoms, and rugged terrain that can facilitate stalking prey, and that they avoid open vegetation cover. ; Schuler, Thomas M. High-elevation trees cannot always reach the thermal treeline, the potential upper range limit set by growing-season temperature. 2,000 to 3,000 feet. 3. Rank County Peak Elev-Ft Range (Level 5) Prom-Ft Ascents; 47. Denali is also the highest point in North America. 1. Contour lines show the elevation above sea level at a given point on your map. Following 2020's extreme fire season, high-elevation forests in the central Rocky Mountains now are burning more than at any point in the past 2,000 years, according to a new. political regions C. Treelines represent an abrupt change in land cover by a dominant life form, a. A. fir-hemlock, these high-elevation forests contain substantial amounts of Douglas-fir, both as stands and as scattered trees or groups intermingled with other species. , 2007, Büntgen et al. Pennsylvania, constituent state of the U. ,. grassland B. In high-elevation forests in Pennsylvania, ecologists have noticed a serious decline in certain tree species. Kathmandu. Forbes (1943) The ecology and silvics of forests in the high plateaus of Pennsylvania. Our study areas were located in the region higher than 2000 m in Taroko National Park, where forests comprise 89. Rank County Peak Elev-Ft Range (Level 5) Prom-Ft Ascents; 47. and R. Search for an answer or ask Weegy. Not least they serve as an. The distribution of trees reaches a natural limit somewhere along thermal, drought, or disturbance gradients. Pennsylvania's state parks and state forests, managed by the Pennsylvania. In a PNAS article published last month, Alizadeh, Sadegh, Abatzoglou, and their colleagues report that forest fires have been advancing upslope across the western United States in recent decades. The ecoregion is located in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, including the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Within the subalpine zone, high-altitude fir occupies the maximum area (1719. The distribution of trees reaches a natural limit somewhere along thermal, drought, or disturbance gradients. Ozone depletion . This phenomenon is: Decreased in pH caused by climate change. In southern Colorado high elevation may start around 10,000 ft (3,000 m) above sea level whereas in coastal British Colombia 3,000 ft (1,000 m) would be considered high elevation. For example, outbreak populations of southern pine beetle are now persistent in New Jersey (21), and mountain pine beetle outbreaks in high elevation forests are continuing at paces not seen over the past century (22). Plots were randomly installed at different locations for each.